Functions of Lambda sensor (Oxygen sensor)

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The lambda sensor, also known as the oxygen sensor, plays a crucial role in modern vehicles by ensuring optimal engine performance and reducing harmful emissions. Here are its main functions:

1. Monitoring Oxygen Levels in Exhaust Gases

• The sensor measures the oxygen content in the exhaust gases leaving the engine.
• Purpose: This information helps determine whether the air-fuel mixture is too rich (excess fuel) or too lean (excess air).

2. Regulating the Air-Fuel Mixture

• The sensor sends data to the Engine Control Unit (ECU), which adjusts the air-fuel mixture accordingly.
• Purpose: Ensures efficient combustion, improving fuel economy and performance.

3. Reducing Harmful Emissions

• By maintaining an optimal air-fuel ratio, the lambda sensor ensures the catalytic converter works efficiently.
• Purpose: Reduces emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx).

4. Protecting the Catalytic Converter

• The sensor prevents an excessively rich or lean mixture that could damage the catalytic converter over time.
• Purpose: Extends the lifespan of the catalytic converter and reduces repair costs.

5. Enhancing Fuel Efficiency

• With precise control over the combustion process, the engine uses fuel more efficiently.
• Purpose: Saves fuel and reduces operating costs for the vehicle owner.

Types of Lambda Sensors

• Zirconia Sensors: Most common, measure oxygen concentration based on voltage.
• Titania Sensors: Measure oxygen concentration by varying resistance.

The lambda sensor is a critical component for ensuring that vehicles meet environmental regulations, maintain optimal performance, and minimize fuel consumption. Regular maintenance and timely replacement are essential for its effectiveness.